On-line Raman spectroscopy of calcite and malachite during irradiation with swift heavy ions

A new on-line Raman System, which was installed at the M3-beamline at the UNILAC, GSI Helmholtzzentrum fur Schwerionenforschung Darmstadt was used for first "in situ" spectroscopic measurements. Calcite and malachite samples were irradiated in steps between 1 x 10(9) and 1 x 10(12) ions/cm(2) with Au ions (calcite) and Xe ions (malachite) at an energy of 4.8 MeV/u. After irradiation, calcite revealed a new Raman band at 437 cm(-1) and change of the full width at half maximum for the 1087 cm(-1) Raman band. The Raman bands of malachite change significantly with increasing fluence. Up to a fluence of 7 x 10(10) ions/cm(2), all existing bands decrease in intensity. Between 8 x 10(10) and 1 x 10(11) ions/cm(2) a broad Cu2O band between 110 and 220 cm(-1) occurs, which superimposes the pre-existing Raman bands. Additionally, a new broad band between 1000 and 1750 cm(-1) is formed, which is interpreted as a carbon coating. In contrast to the Cu2O band, the carbon band vanished when further irradiating the-sample. The installations as well as first in situ measurements at room temperature are presented. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved