Excessive training is associated with endoplasmic reticulum stress, but not apoptosis in the hypothalamus of mice.

Downhill running-based overtraining model increases the hypothalamic levels of IL-1beta, TNF-alpha, SOCS3 and pSAPK-JNK. The aim of the present study was to verify the effects of three overtraining protocols on the levels of BiP, pIRE-1 (Ser724), pPERK (Thr981), pelF2alpha (Ser52), ATF-6, GRP-94, caspase 4, caspase 12, pAKT (Ser473), pmTOR (Ser2448) and pAMPK (Thr172) proteins in the mouse hypothalamus. The mice were randomized into the control (CT), overtrained by downhill running (OTR/down), overtrained by uphill running (OTR/up) and overtrained by running without inclination (OTR) groups. After the overtraining protocols (i.e., at the end of week 8), hypothalamus was removed and used for immunoblotting. The OTR/down group exhibited increased levels of all of the analyzed endoplasmic reticulum stress markers in the hypothalamus at the end of week 8. The OTR/up and OTR groups exhibited increased levels of BiP, pIRE-1 (Ser724) and pPERK (Thr981) in the hypothalamus at the end of week 8. There were no significant differences in the levels of caspase 4, caspase 12, pAKT (Ser473), pmTOR (Ser2448) and pAMPK (Thr172) between the experimental groups at the end of week 8. In conclusion, the three overtraining protocols increased the endoplasmic reticulum stress at the end of week 8.The accepted manuscript in pdf format is listed with the files at the bottom of this page. The presentation of the authors' names and (or) special characters in the title of the manuscript may differ slightly between what is listed on this page and what is listed in the pdf file of the accepted manuscript; that in the pdf file of the accepted manuscript is what was submitted by the author