Anaesthesia for laparoscopic surgery

The use of laparoscopic techniques has become common in clinical practice. Operations that once required long hospitalization are now being performed on a short-stay basis. Initially, laparoscopy was confined to short, diagnostic gynaecological procedures carried out on young, healthy females. However, it has now extended to various intra-abdominal surgeries and is now also being performed on older patients who may have coexisting cardiac or pulmonary diseases