Virginity and the married-virgin saints in Ælfric's Lives of Saints, the translation of an ideal

grantor: University of TorontoAmong the narratives included in his 'Lives of Saints', Ælfric of Eynsham translates three 'passiones' of married-virgin saints: 'Passio Sancti Iuliani et Sponse Eius Basilisse, Passio Sanct¶ Cecilie Virginis', and 'Passio Chrisanti et Dari¶ Sponse Eius'. This study offers a literary examination of Ælfric's construction and development of the virginal ideal in these 'passiones '. The study begins with an examination of the vocabulary of purity and body ('virginitas, castitas, integritas, corpus' and ' caro') in seminal works by Ambrose, Jerome, Augustine, and Aldhelm, each of whom helped establish virginity as the preeminent form of the Christian life. The symbolic, sacramental claims of virginity proposed in these texts call into question modern interpretations of virginity as the repudiation of sexuality and the means by which male authors exercised control over women's bodies. Ælfric addresses the necessity of sexual purity in two discursive works: the "Letter to Sigefyrth" and the homily 'Nativitas Sanct¶ Mariæ Virginis'. An examination of the Old English vocabulary of purity and body ('mægðhad, cl¶nnes, lichama ', and 'fl¶sc') in these works illustrates that, although working in the tradition: of the Church Fathers, Ælfric's call for sexual purity arises from his particular concern for holy service. Moreover, his explicit concern for the inclusion of both sexes in this life of service redresses any disproportionate emphasis upon female virginity. A comparison of Ælfric's translation of the 'passio' of Julian and Basilissa with the Latin version found in the Cotton-Corpus Legendary reveals not only Ælfric's promotion of regular monastic values over ascetic ones, but also his deliberate avoidance of attaching the need for sexual purity specifically to women. Throughout the 'passio', virginity signifies the saints' eternal priorities and heavenly allegiance. The 'passio' of Chrysanthus and Daria contains a much more sexualized representation of the conflict between the saints and their antagonists, while the 'passio' of Cecilia focuses upon the celestial nature of the virginal life. In neither, however, does the promotion and importance of physical purity account for virginity's significance. Instead, Ælfric's depiction of virginity in these two 'passiones' pushes virginity's symbolic, sacramental capacity to the forefront. The study concludes with a brief examination of how Ælfric's expressed purpose for these 'passiones' and his treatment of virginity relate to the late Anglo-Saxon context.Ph.D