Pattern of blindness in institutions for the blind in Kaduna, Nigeria

Background/objective: An estimated 1.3% of the population in sub-Saharan Africa are blind. The aim of this study was to identify the causes of blindness in an institution for the blind in northern Nigeria. Method: A prospective evaluation of 74 inmates at the Kaduna State Special Education School (KASSES) and Kaduna State Rehabilitation Centre, Kaduna. Results: There were 53 males and 21 females between the ages of 6 - 65 years were examined. 39 inmates were seen at KASSES and 35 at the rehabilitation centre. Measles presented as the commonest cause of blindness in 26 (35.1%) inmates. Of these, 16 were males and 10, females. This was followed by glaucoma in 14 (18.9%) inmates, 11 of which were childhood glaucomas. The third commonest causes of blindness were due to hereditary retinopathies and optic atrophy with 9 (12.2%) inmates each. Conclusion: Measles remains a significant cause of blindness. Notable causes of blindness in the tropics such as trachoma and onchocerciasis appear to be disappearing in urban areas. The provision of potable water and improved sanitation will help to eliminate these diseases, in rural areas. There is also the need to establish low-vision aids services and eye banks to meet local needs