Abrasion of concrete structures by ice

In arctic sea regions a concrete sea structure is subjected to heavy mechanical loads near the water level due to the moving ice sheet. Moving ice sheets load protruding aggregate stones, and the loads are considerably greater than the compressive strength of ice as determined in uniaxial compressive tests. This is due to the triaxial compression stress in the ice surrounding the stone surface. Also, recurrent freeze-thaw cycles in the concrete wetted by waves and the tide expose the concrete to damage if it has not been designed to resist recurrent freezing in marine conditions. Temperature changes that exceed the approximate value ΔT = 40 °C also deteriorate the bond between the cement stone and the aggregate stones and increase cracking in the cement stone between the aggregate stones.This paper deals with the abrasion problem. The abrasion depth and resistance of concrete in arctic sea conditions can in practice be determined by calculations and laboratory tests