Modified MUSIC algorithm for DoA estimation using CRLH leaky-wave antennas

In this paper, we formulate and experimentally demonstrate direction of arrival (DoA) estimation with a two-port composite right/left handed (CRLH) leaky-wave antenna (LWA) using the multiple signal classification (MUSIC) algorithm. The CRLH LWA consists of a cascade of metamaterial unit cells, periodically modulated using varactor diodes. By changing the voltages across series and shunt varactors, the antenna is able to uniformly steer its radiation pattern. The proposed modified MUSIC algorithm, uses both antenna's input ports to estimate the DoA. Conventionally, the MUSIC algorithm needs to calculate the correlation matrix from the output vector of an array of antenna elements. In this work, we show in detail how the correlation matrix can be computed when using leaky-wave antennas. The algorithm is demonstrated using LWA in an anechoic chamber and the estimated DoA results are in good agreement with the predicted angle