Changes in bran structure by bioprocessing with enzymes and yeast modifies the <i>in</i> <i>vitro</i> digestibility and fermentability of bran protein and dietary fibre complex

Bran is a good source of dietary fibre, phytochemicals, and also protein, but highly insoluble and recalcitrant structure of bran hinders accessibility of these components for gastrointestinal digestion. In the present work, influence of bioprocessing on the microstructure and chemical properties of rye bran and wheat bread fortified with the rye bran were studied. In vitro protein digestibility, and release of short chain fatty acids (SCFA) and ferulic acid in a gut model were studied. Bioprocessing of rye bran was performed with subsequent treatments with cell-wall hydrolysing enzymes (40 °C, 4 h) and yeast fermentation (20 °C, 20 h). Bioprocessing of rye bran resulted in reduced total dietary fibre content, caused mainly by degradation of fructan and β-glucan, and increased soluble fibre content, caused mainly by solubilisation of arabinoxylans. Microscopic analysis revealed degradation of aleurone cell wall structure of the bioprocessed rye bran. Bioprocessing caused release of protein from aleurone cells, assessed as a larger content of soluble protein in bran and a higher hydrolysis rate in vitro. Bioprocessed bran had also faster SCFA formation and ferulic acid release in the colon fermentation in vitro as compared to native bran