In recent years we have seen a growing interest in the knowledge dimension in risk analysis settings. The interest has been motivated by developments within the fields of risk assessment and risk management, which have highlighted the relevance of uncertainties and the need to look beyond and behind the probabilities, towards knowledge aspects. This chapter focuses on the foundation of risk analysis and addresses both epistemological and ontological issues related to knowledge, and provide reflections of the suitability/unsuitability of various conceptualizations of the knowledge concept in a risk analysis context. One approach for knowledge generation, pragmatism, links knowledge to action and the results of the actions. Risk assessments a...