Characterization of pulp and paper waters with off-line and on-line capillary electrophoresis

The paper describes about laboratory, pilot and industry scale instrumentation, method development and process sample measurements with various capillary electrophoresis (CE) instruments. The CE technique, which is based on the separation of anions and cations in solutions with the aid of an electric field, relies on the separation and transfer of electrically neutral or charged ions/molecules/particles through narrow CE tubing filled with an electrolyte solution. The suitability of CE for the analyses of inorganic and organic cations and anions in waters of paper machines, in black liquors and in blenching mass are discussed. Moreover, comparison of off-line and on-line determination of compounds in process waters is discussed