Organic amendments and their influences on plant-parasitic and free-living nematodes: a promising method for nematode management?

The use of organic soil amendments, such as green manures, animal manures, composts or slurries, certainly has many advantageous aspects for soil quality and is suggested as a promising tool for the management of plant-parasitic nematodes. However, during a recent literature survey we also found numerous studies reporting an increase of plant-parasitic nematodes after the use of organic amendments. Therefore, we critically re-evaluated the usefulness of organic amendments for nematode management and suggest possible mechanisms for a stimulation of plant-parasitic nematodes, as well as mechanisms that might be causing a reduction of plant-parasitic nematodes. In addition, we also elucidate a possible mechanism that might be responsible for the observed overall positive effects of organic amendments on crop yields. It is likely that a significant part of this is, inter alia, due to the proliferation of non-pathogenic, free-living nematodes and their overall positive effects on soil microbial populations, organic matter decomposition, nutrient availability, plant morphology and ecosystem stability