Background: Ship engine emissions are important with regard to lung and cardiovascular diseases especially in coastal regions worldwide. Known cellular responses to combustion particles include oxidative stress and inflammatory signalling. Objectives: To provide a molecular link between the chemical and physical characteristics of ship emission particles and the cellular responses they elicit and to identify potentially harmful fractions in shipping emission aerosols. Methods: Through an air-liquid interface exposure system, we exposed human lung cells under realistic in vitro conditions to exhaust fumes from a ship engine running on either common heavy fuel oil (HFO) or cleaner-burning diesel fuel (DF). Advanced chemical analyses of the ex...
Atmospheric particulate matter (PM), an ingredient of urban pollution matter, is a mixture of solid ...
Atmospheric particulate matter (PM), an ingredient of urban pollution matter, is a mixture of solid ...
Ship diesel combustion particles are known to cause broad cytotoxic effects and thereby strongly imp...
Background: Ship engine emissions are important with regard to lung and cardiovascular diseases espe...
Ship engine emissions are important with regard to lung and cardiovascular diseases especially in co...
Background Ship engine emissions are important with regard to lung and cardiovascular diseases espe...
Ship engine emissions are important with regard to lung and cardiovascular diseases especially in co...
Ship engine emissions are important with regard to lung and cardiovascular diseases especially in co...
Background: Ship engine emissions are important with regard to lung and cardiovascular diseases espe...
Background Ship engine emissions are important with regard to lung and cardiovascular diseases es...
Background Ship engine emissions are important with regard to lung and cardiovascular diseases es...
Background Ship engine emissions are important with regard to lung and cardiovascular diseases es...
Background Ship engine emissions are important with regard to lung and cardiovascular diseases es...
<div><p>Exposure to air pollution resulting from fossil fuel combustion has been linked to multiple ...
Exposure to air pollution resulting from fossil fuel combustion has been linked to multiple short-te...
Atmospheric particulate matter (PM), an ingredient of urban pollution matter, is a mixture of solid ...
Atmospheric particulate matter (PM), an ingredient of urban pollution matter, is a mixture of solid ...
Ship diesel combustion particles are known to cause broad cytotoxic effects and thereby strongly imp...
Background: Ship engine emissions are important with regard to lung and cardiovascular diseases espe...
Ship engine emissions are important with regard to lung and cardiovascular diseases especially in co...
Background Ship engine emissions are important with regard to lung and cardiovascular diseases espe...
Ship engine emissions are important with regard to lung and cardiovascular diseases especially in co...
Ship engine emissions are important with regard to lung and cardiovascular diseases especially in co...
Background: Ship engine emissions are important with regard to lung and cardiovascular diseases espe...
Background Ship engine emissions are important with regard to lung and cardiovascular diseases es...
Background Ship engine emissions are important with regard to lung and cardiovascular diseases es...
Background Ship engine emissions are important with regard to lung and cardiovascular diseases es...
Background Ship engine emissions are important with regard to lung and cardiovascular diseases es...
<div><p>Exposure to air pollution resulting from fossil fuel combustion has been linked to multiple ...
Exposure to air pollution resulting from fossil fuel combustion has been linked to multiple short-te...
Atmospheric particulate matter (PM), an ingredient of urban pollution matter, is a mixture of solid ...
Atmospheric particulate matter (PM), an ingredient of urban pollution matter, is a mixture of solid ...
Ship diesel combustion particles are known to cause broad cytotoxic effects and thereby strongly imp...