The potential for CCUS in selected industrial sectors - summary of concept evaluations in Finland

The EC 2030 Framework acknowledges that CCS may have an important role in reducing direct emissions from industrial processes on the scale needed in the longer term. In this paper the potential of applying different CCUS concepts to different industrial applications in Finland has been evaluated from both the economic performance as well as the emission reduction potential point of view. The overall CO2 emissions from industry as well as the heat and power sector in Finland were in 2013 about 52 Mt of which the estimated biogenic emissions comprise about 24 Mt. The results from this work show that with a CO2 emission allowance price of 50 /t, CCS would be economically feasible for 8 Mt CO2/a, covering transport and storage costs. Most of the cost-effective CCS applications in Finland would be in the biomass power & heat sector and in the pulp and paper industry. However, this requires that "negative" emissions from bio-CCS are acknowledged and included in the EU emission trading system. CCS does not provide a simple solution to reduce CO2 emissions in Finland as there are no suitable formations for CO2 storage, which means that CO2 export would be required. However, a range of CO2 utilisation options could be attractive