Criminalization of the Smuggling of Migrants in Accordance with the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime and Protocol Against the Smuggling of Migrants by Land, Sea and Air

Smuggling of Migrants is categorized into Transnational Organized Crime due to its nature that involves more than one actor and crossing state borders. To overcome this problem, United Nations creates United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crimes followed by the Protocol against the Smuggling of Migrants by Land, Sea, and Air. This essay discusses about the development of the migrants smuggling as a form of transnational organized crime, the implementation of the provision of the UN Convention against Transnational Organized Crime and Protocol against the Smuggling of Migrants by Land, Sea, and Air in Indonesia, UK, and Australia and the enforcement of these provision to several illegal migrants cases. Penyelundupan migran dikategorikan sebagai salah satu tindak pidana transnasional yang terorganisir terkait dengan sifatnya yang meliputi lebih dari satu pelaku dan melintasi batas negara. Untuk menanggulangi permasalahan ini, Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa mengeluarkan United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crimes (Konvensi Menentang Tindak Pidana Transnasional yang Terorganisir) yang diikuti dengan pembentukan the Protocol against the Smuggling of Migrants by Land, Sea, and Air (Protokol Menanggulangi Penyelundupan Migran melalui Darat, Laut, dan Udara). Tulisan ini membahas mengenai perkembangan penyelundupan migran sebagai bentuk dari tindak pidana transnasional yang terorganisir, penerapan ketentuan Konvensi Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa menentang Tindak Pidana Transnasional yang Terorganisir dan Protokol Menanggulangi Penyelundupan Migran Melalui Darat, Laut, dan Udara di Indonesia, Inggris, dan Australia serta penegakan beberapa ketentuan hukum di dalam konvensi tersebut terhadap beberapa kasus migran ilegal