Engaging Corrupt Somalia

This thesis addresses a fundamental question, which is particularly relevant in the Somali context; why has corruption remained endemic in international aid programmes in Somalia? In researching and analysing this question this thesis examined the characteristics of the aid systems in Somalia, which provide an enabling environment for corruption against the application of a consociationalist democratic model. Indicators of success for international interventions in Somalia surround expenditure, presence, influence, geo-political interest and security, and have not included the promotion of Somali-centric models for good governance, transparency and accountability – key actions necessary to help mitigate corrupt practices. Consequently, this thesis examines corruption in Somalia, and its presence in international aid based upon three key factors - adverse clan self-interest, international geo-political self-interest, and lack of effective state building support. While consociationalist theory provides an opportunity for Somalia to address such gaps, this will require a comprehensive and holistic approach and a commitment by the clans in Somalia to collaborate rather than continue to engage in corrupt, self-interested and opportunistic behaviours