Kinematic Modelling and Osteometric Scaling of Anatomical Joints and Skeletal Systems

104 p.Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1980.The three techniques proposed herein--calibration of instrumented spatial linkages, kinematic modelling of anatomical joints, and osteometric scaling--may be jointly directed at one of the most prevalent and frustrating, yet basic, problems in musculo-skeletal biomechanics today--the almost total lack of readily available geometric and kinematic models. Singly, each technique may stand alone or may be used in conjunction with other biomechanical or anthropometric analyses.Instrumented spatial linkages (ISL's) are finding wide applications in biomechanics for measuring all six degrees of freedom of relative motion between anatomical bodies and for point coordinate digitization. Numerical calibration of the kinematic and electrical parameters describing an ISL can produce superior accuracy for such biomechanical measurements and can statistically estimate this accuracy.Kinematic modelling of anatomical joints has typically been based upon empirical observations of joint principal planes of motion. Dimensional synthesis of an equivalent spatial linkage to best emulate in-vivo joint motion can provide significantly more meaningful modelling and will allow comparison of various model types based on the fidelity of analytical-to-anatomical motion reproduction.For three-dimensional geometric modelling of anatomical bodies, extrapolation (or scaling) of landmark coordinates from a fully accessible specimen to a specific subject geometry is essential. Statistical accumulation of normative spatial landmark models can provide data bases for such osteometric scalings. A least-squares solution for affine scaling will help remove experimental errors in anatomical coordinate extrapolation, while a two stage accumulation technique is proposed to consecutively remove landmark location variation and to size a normative specimen from a set of similar specimens.U of I OnlyRestricted to the U of I community idenfinitely during batch ingest of legacy ETD