THE COMPLEXITY OF THE MODERN FRENCH SOCIAL INSURANCE SYSTEM

In this article the social security system and its development in France is analysed; the analysis, the assumptions of the complexity of the French system and the relations between general and independent professions social security systems are presented. In this article author analyses the financing, identifies specific types of benefits, other specific regulations in the general and independent professions social insurance schemes. The paper presents reforms, the trends of the social insurance and deficit reduction measures. The French government introduced the new general social security system in 1945 according to the principles of universality, unity and social equality of the partners. In 1947-1967, the social insurance system become fragmented, split special professional systems. This situation could be explained by the fact, that different professional groups treat social security as a social victory and does not want to accept stricter or universal conditions, does not want to lose the current benefits and independent social insurance fund management. The general social insurance system applies to employed persons and includes five branches, which become autonomous since 1967: health insurance（including maternity, disability and death risk）, accidents at work and occupational diseases insurance, old-age insurance, family insurance, and the collection of social security contributions. Special social insurance systems are applied to the professional groups or to the company’s professional funds. The analyse of autonomous advocate’s social insurance system is presented in this article, because the principle of independence of advocacy institute is introduced in French legislation. In France we could identify the classical approach, that an advocate is independent profession, having a legal procedural independence and advocacy institute is autonomous. As conclusion we could note, that financial problems can not be solved only by reducing the coverage of social security and it must be accompanied by institutional reforms, providing employment and higher labour market activation measures, as well to increase the competitiveness of companies and the financial sustainability of the state budget.Article論説departmental bulletin pape