BDNF: A Key Factor with Multipotent Impact on Brain Signalingand Synaptic Plasticity

Abstract Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) isone of the most widely distributed and extensively studiedneurotrophins in the mammalian brain. Among its prominentfunctions, one can mention control of neuronal andglial development, neuroprotection, and modulation ofboth short- and long-lasting synaptic interactions, whichare critical for cognition and memory. A wide spectrum ofprocesses are controlled by BDNF, and the sometimescontradictory effects of its action can be explained basedon its specific pattern of synthesis, comprising severalintermediate biologically active isoforms that bind to differenttypes of receptor, triggering several signaling pathways.The functions of BDNF must be discussed in closerelation to the stage of brain development, the differentcellular components of nervous tissue, as well as themolecular mechanisms of signal transduction activatedunder physiological and pathological conditions. In thisreview, we briefly summarize the current state of knowledgeregarding the impact of BDNF on regulation ofneurophysiological processes. The importance of BDNFfor future studies aimed at disclosing mechanisms of activationof signaling pathways, neuro- and gliogenesis, aswell as synaptic plasticity is highlighted.Keywords BDNF Cognition Development Neurotrophin Synaptic plasticit