The emerging influenza virus threat: status and new prospects for itstherapy and control

AbstractInfluenza A viruses (IAVs) are zoonotic pathogens that cause yearly outbreaks with high rates of morbidity and fatality.The virus continuously acquires point mutations while circulating in several hosts, ranging from aquatic birds to mammals,including humans. The wide range of hosts provides influenza A viruses greater chances of genetic re-assortment, leadingto the emergence of zoonotic strains and occasional pandemics that have a severe impact on human life. Four major influenzapandemics have been reported to date, and health authorities worldwide have shown tremendous progress in efforts tocontrol epidemics and pandemics. Here, we primarily discuss the pathogenesis of influenza virus type A, its epidemiology,pandemic potential, current status of antiviral drugs and vaccines, and ways to effectively manage the disease during a crisis