Supernova neutrinos: production, propagation and oscillations

I shall review some of the recent results concerning the astrophysics of a core collapse supernova (SN) and neutrino oscillations. Neutrinos play an important role in the SN explosion, and they also carry most of the energy of the collapse. The energy spectra of neutrinos and antineutrinos arriving at the Earth incorporate information on the primary neutrino fluxes as well as the neutrino mixing scenario. The analysis of neutrino propagation through the matter of the supernova and the Earth, combined with the observation of a neutrino burst from a galactic SN, enables us to put limits on the mixing angle θ₁₃ and identify whether the mass hierarchy is normal or inverted. The neutrino burst also acts as an early warning signal for the optical observation, and in addition allows us to have a peek at the shock wave while still inside the SN mantle