Femtosecond laser written channel waveguides in tellurite glass

We have made and characterized a new, erbium-doped tellurite glass that has high glass transition temperature. Addition of phosphate is found to increase the phonon energy. The peak emission cross section is 6 × 10-21 cm2 at 1537 nm and the fluorescence lifetime of the 4I13/2-4I15/2 transition is 4.1 ms. We have written 2-D channel waveguides in this glass using focused, 45-fs pulses from an amplified Ti:sapphire laser at different laser energies and writing speeds. Migration of atoms towards the periphery of the waveguides occurs, leading to refractive index changes. Channels show waveguiding at 1310 nm which is promising for the fabrication of integrated lasers and broadband amplifiers