Study of transition metal oxides by photoelectron spectroscopy

Systematics in the X-ray photoelectron spectra (X.p.e.s.) of Ti, V, Cr, Mn and Nb oxides with the metal ion in different oxidation states as well as of related series of mono-, sesqui- and di-oxides of the first row transition metals have been investigated in detail. Core level binding energies, spin-orbit splittings and exchange splittings are found to exhibit interesting variations with the oxidation state of the metal or the nuclear charge The 3d binding energies of the monoxides show a proportionality to Goodenough's (R-R<SUB>c</SUB>). Other aspects of interest in the study are the satellite structure and final state effects in the X.p.e.s. of the oxides, and identification of different valence states in oxides of the general formulae MnO<SUB>2n−1</SUB> and M<SUB>3</SUB>O<SUB>4</SUB>. The nature of changes in the 3d bands of oxides undergoing metal-insulator transitions is also indicated