Antifungal activities of human beta-defensins HBD-1 to HBD-3 and their C-terminal analogs Phd1 to Phd3

The activities of defensins HBD-1, HBD-2, and HBD-3 and their C-terminal analogs Phd1, Phd2, and Phd3 against Candida albicans were investigated. Phd1 to Phd3 showed lower-level activities than HBD-1 to HBD-3, although metabolic inhibitors did not render Phd1 to Phd3 inactive. Their activities were also less salt sensitive than those of HBD-1 to HBD-3. Confocal microscope images indicated that the initial site of action was the fungal membrane