Pengaruh Bibliotherapy dan Snake Ladder Game’s Therapy terhadap Tingkat Kooperatif Anak selama Hospitalisasi

Children who were hospitalized in 2017 were 3.21% with the percentage of school-age children 47.62%. Hospital is a planned or emergency process where children are required to undergo treatment at the hospital. The reaction of child hospitalization varies, depending on the stage of development, previous illness experiences, support systems, and the children's coping abilities. One of the stressors of pediatric hospitalization is the complexity of the therapeutic procedures provided by nurses and medical teams. The study aims to play therapy as one method in reducing anxiety and increasing children's cooperation during undergoing treatment procedures. The research method was Pre-Experimental Research with One Group Pretest-Posttest approach. A sample of 20 children was with a simple random sampling technique. The study was conducted in April-September 2019 in the Children's Ward of Yogyakarta City Public Hospital. Inclusion criteria: children were first admitted to the hospital on the first or second day; children aged 7-12 years; had no physical disabilities, cognitive and language disorders; had sufficient physical ability to take part in the game. The results of data analysis using paired t-test obtained p value<0.001 with a pretest value of 16.55 ± 6.88 and post-test 26.45 ± 1.79. The conclusion of the research shows that there is an effect of giving Bibliotherapy and Snake-Ladder Game Therapy in increasing the cooperative level of children in undergoing nursing actions during hospitalization. Researchers recommend this play therapy as one of the permanent procedures for independent nursing actions in each child's ward.Anak yang dirawat di Rumah Sakit tahun 2017 sebanyak 3,21%, dengan persentase anak usia sekolah 47,62%. Hospitalisasi merupakan proses terencana atau darurat, dimana anak diharuskan menjalani perawatan di rumah sakit. Reaksi hospitalisasi anak beragam, tergantung tahap perkembangan, pengalaman sakit sebelumnya, sistem pendukung, serta kemampuan koping anak. Salah satu stresor hospitalisasi anak adalah kompleksnya prosedur terapi yang diberikan oleh perawat dan tim medis. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk terapi bermain sebagai salah satu metode dalam menurunkan kecemasan dan meningkatkan kooperatif anak selama menjalani prosedur perawatan. Metode penelitian adalah Penelitian Pre Experimental dengan pendekatan One Group Pretest-Posttest. Sampel sebanyak 20 anak dengan teknik simple random sampling. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan April – September 2019 di Bangsal Anak RSUD Kota Yogyakarta. Kriteria inklusi: anak dirawat pertama kali di Rumah Sakit pada hari pertama atau kedua; anak berusia 7 – 12 tahun; tidak memiliki kecacatan fisik, gangguan kognitif dan bahasa; memiliki kemampuan fisik yang memadai untuk mengikuti permainan. Hasil analisis data menggunakan paired t- test didapatkan p value <0.001 dengan nilai pretest 16,55±6,88 dan post test 26,45±1,79. Simpulan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh pemberian Bibliotherapy dan Snake- Ladder Game’s Therapy dalam meningkatkan tingkat kooperatif anak dalam menjalani tindakan keperawatan selama hospitalisasi. Peneliti merekomendasikan terapi bermain ini sebagai salah satu prosedur tetap tindakan mandiri keperawatan di setiap bangsal anak