Desain Distribusi Pupuk untuk Wilayah Kepulauan : Studi Kasus Nusa Tenggara Barat

Sektor pertanian memiliki peranan penting dalam pembangunan perekonomian di Indonesia. Sektor tersebut tidak terlepas dari industri pupuk. Penetapan kebijakan presiden mengenai ketahan pangan menyebabkan meningkatnya permintaan pupuk dan berimbas pada kelangkaan barang tersebut khususnya pupuk jenis urea. Kelangkaan tersebut juga berimbas terhadap tingginya harga pupuk di wilayah Nusa Tenggara Barat. Dengan kondisi ini pemerintah harus berfikir ulang mengenai pola distribusi agar harga pupuk bias sama antara satu daerah dengan daerah lain. Studi ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kondisi pendistribusian pupuk serta biaya pengirimannya saat ini dan merencanakan moda dan pola operasi yang sesuai untuk meminimumkan biaya pengirimanan pupuk di wilayah tersebut. Moda dibagi menjadi dua yaitu moda darat dan moda laut. Moda darat terdiri dari 2 (dua) jenis truk yaitu truk tronton bak dan truk engkel bak. Sedangkan moda laut terdiri dari 2 (dua) jenis kapal yaitu kapal general cargo dan kapal pelayaran rakyat. Pola operasi laut yang direncanakan yaitu port to port dan multiport. Metode yang digunakan dalam studi ini yaitu metode optimasi dengan 3 (tiga) skenario demand pulau yaitu (1) demand 100 ton, (2) demand 500 ton dan (3) demand 1.000 ton. Hasil studi diperoleh bahwa biaya pengiriman yang paling minimum di daerah Lembar sebesar (1) Rp 845.631/ton, (2) Rp 580.366/ton, (3) Rp 545.555/ton, daerah Bima sebesar (1) Rp 798.481/ton, (2) Rp 735.028/ton, (3) Rp 723.750/ton, daerah Badas sebesar (1) Rp 722.485/ton, (2) Rp 656.550/ton, (3) Rp 647.836/ton. ========================================================================================== The agricultural sector has an important role in the economic development in Indonesia. This sector is inseparable from the fertilizer industry. The establishment of the president's policy on food resilience leads to increased demand for fertilizer and the impact on the scarcity of these goods, especially urea fertilizer. The scarcity also impacts on the high price of fertilizer in the some region of Indonesia, West Nusa Tenggara is one of them, under this condition the government is sugested to review the distribution network of fertilizer so the price of it can be equal among region in Indonesia. The purpose of this study is to analyze the current condition of fertilizer distribution network by considering the total shipping cost ocure and to design the new distribution networks of fertilizer by selecting the compatible mode, which produces the minimum shipping cost as an impact on its operation system. Mode of transport is divided into two different categories: the land mode and sea mode. The land mode used for this study consists of tronton and ankle trucks, while the sea mode consists of the general cargo ship and the traditional ship. Port-to-port and multiport are the operation system design for this study. The method used in this study is the optimization method with tree different demand for each island, with (1) 100 ton, (2) 500 ton and (3) 1.000 ton as a demand variation. The results show that the minimum shipping costs in Lembar area are (1) IDR 845.631/ton, (2) IDR 580.366/ton, (3) IDR 545.555/ton, while in Bima area are (1) IDR 798.481/ton, (2) IDR 735.028/ton, (3) IDR 723.750/ton, and in Badas area are (1) IDR 722.485/ton, (2) IDR 656.550/ton, (3) IDR 647.836/ton