Pengelolaan Limbah Bahan Berbahaya Dan Beracun (B3) Laboratorium Di Kampus Its

ITS memiliki lima fakultas dengan 157 laboratorium yang diantaranya ada yang berpotensi menghasilkan limbah B3 yang bersifat cair maupun padat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan laju timbulan dan jenis limbah B3 laboratorium, menginventarisasi pengelolaan limbah B3 laboratorium yang ada di ITS, serta menentukan strategi pengelolaan limbah B3 laboratorium. Penelitian ini dilakukan di lima departemen terpilih, yaitu Departemen Kimia, Departemen Biologi, Departemen Teknik Kimia, Departemen Teknik Material dan Metalurgi, dan Departemen Teknik Lingkungan. Identifikasi laju timbulan dan jenis limbah B3 laboratorium dilakukan dengan menampung limbah B3 laboratorium yang dihasilkan dari kegiatan praktikum dan penelitian. Limbah B3 cair ditampung pada wadah berukuran 2,5 L yang diberi label asam, basa, beracun organik, logam berat, mudah menyala, dan mudah meledak. Laju timbulan limbah B3 cair diukur selama enam hari menggunakan gelas ukur berukuran 2 L. Kemudian limbah B3 cair dikompositkan dan dianalisis pH serta kadar logam beratnya. Limbah B3 padat ditampung dalam wadah berukuran 25 L dan diukur laju timbulannya selama enam hari menggunakan timbangan. Kegiatan pengurangan, pewadahan, penyimpanan, dan pengumpulan dianalisis dengan observasi dan wawancara. Strategi pengelolaan limbah B3 laboratorium didasarkan pada pendapat dari para tenaga kependidikan. Data yang didapatkan diolah dengan metode Strength, Weakness, Opportunity, Threats (SWOT). Jenis limbah B3 laboratorium yang dihasilkan di Kampus ITS pada periode semester genap adalah asam, basa, beracun organik, dan logam berat. Total bahan kimia kadaluarsa padat sebanyak 29,5 kg dan bahan kimia kadaluarsa cair sebanyak 13,42 L. Laju timbulan dari limbah B3 jenis asam, basa, beracun organik, dan mengandung logam berat sebesar 1,6 L/hari; 4,9 L/hari; 1,2 L/hari; 3,3 L/hari. Limbah B3 padat yang dihasilkan sebanyak 0,9 kg/hari. Pengelolaan limbah B3 laboratorium di Kampus ITS yang meliputi kegiatan pengurangan, pewadahan, penyimpanan, pengumpulan, dan pengolahan belum dapat terlaksana dengan baik. Tiga departemen (Departemen Teknik Kimia, Departemen Teknik Material dan Metalurgi, dan Departemen Teknik Lingkungan) telah melakukan kegiatan pemisahan limbah B3 laboratorium. Departemen Teknik Lingkungan telah melakukan pemberian simbol pada wadah penampung limbah B3 laboratorium. Departemen Kimia memiliki IPAL B3 yang telah beroperasi dan melayani Departemen Biologi dan Departemen Teknik Material dan Metalurgi. Departemen Teknik Kimia melakukan kerjasama dengan pihak ketiga untuk pengumpulan limbah B3. Strategi yang dapat digunakan untuk pengelolaan limbah B3 laboratorium di Kampus ITS adalah kepemilikan izin dalam kegiatan penyimpanan dan pengolahan limbah B3 laboratorium, melakukan kegiatan pemberian simbol dan label serta penyimpanan limbah B3 laboratorium, melakukan kerjasama dengan pihak ketiga, melakukan optimalisasi fasilitas pengolahan limbah B3 laboratorium, serta mengadakan pelatihan untuk tenaga kependidikan mengenai pengelolaan limbah B3 laboratorium dan operation dan maintenance fasilitas pengolahan limbah B3 laboratorium. ======================================================================== ITS has five faculties with 157 laboratories that some of them could potentially produce liquid or solid hazardous waste. The aims of this research were: (1) to determine the generation rate and type of laboratory hazardous waste, (2) to conduct an inventory of laboratory hazardous waste management in ITS, and (3) to determine the laboratory hazardous waste management strategy in ITS. This research was done in five selected departments, namely Chemistry, Biology, Chemical Engineering, Material and Metallurgy, and Environmental Engineering . I dentification of laboratory hazardous waste generation rates was carried out by dire ct observation and measurement. The liquid hazardous waste was placed in containers with appropriate acid, base, toxic organic, heavy metal, flammable, and explosive labels. The generation rate of th e laboratory hazardous waste was measured for six days usi ng 2 L measuring cylinder. Then the liquid waste was composite d for pH and heavy metal analyse s. The hazardous solid waste was placed in a 25 L container and measured for six days using a scale. The activities of reduction, storage, and collection were analyzed by observation and interview. Laboratory hazardous waste management strategy was based on educational staf f opinion. The data obtained were processed by Strength, Weakness, Oppo rtunity, Threat s (SWOT) method. The laboratory h azardous waste produced dur in g the second semester of academic year 2016/2017 comprised acid, base, to xic organics, and heavy metals. The total quantity of ex pired solid chemicals were 29.5 kg , and that of e xpired liquid chemicals was 13.42 L. The generation rate s of acid ic, alkaline, toxic organic, and heavy metal waste were 1.6 L/day, 4.9 L/day, 1.2 L/day, and 3.3 L/ day respectively . The hazardous s olid waste was generated 0.9 kg/day. The management of laboratory h azard ou s waste in ITS Campus , which included reduction, storage, collection, and treatment activities, ha s not been implemented properly.Three departments (Chemical Engineering, Material and Metallurgical Engineering, and Environmental Engineering ) ha ve perform ed hazar dous waste separation . Only Department of Environmental Engineering provided symbols in each hazardous waste container. Department of Chemistry has owned and operated hazardous waste treatment plant, which served Department of Biology and Materia l and Metallurgical Engineering. Department of Chemical Engineering has also cooperated with a third party for hazardou s waste collection . The following strategies were proposed for improving the management of laboratory hazardous waste in ITS . These stra tegies were : applying hazardous waste storage and treatment permits to the authorized agency, providing and operating laboratory hazardous waste strorage, providing hazardous waste symbols and labels in each container, managing cooperation with third party for hazardous waste collection, optimizing the performance of laboratory hazardous waste treatment plant; conducting training program for laboratory staff concerning laboratory waste management and treatment plant operation and maintenance