Kajian Bentuk Stern Hull Kapal Shallow Draft untuk Meningkatkan Performance Kapal

Kapal-kapal yang bertipe Shallow Draft semakin berkembang dengan signifikan di Indonesia, hal ini sejalan dengan pendangkalan beberapa sungai yang menjadi jalur operasional utama kapal-kapal tersebut sehingga kondisi dead freight semakin lama semakin meningkat. Beberapa penilitian terkait kapal bertipe Shallow Draft juga terus dilakukan, terutama yang menyangkut performance kapal-kapal tersebut terutama Hull form semakin menjadi fokus utama terlebih lagi bentuk buritan kapal. Dari penelitian sebelumnya, penggunaan bentuk tunnel stern hull untuk kapal-kapal Deep-V dapat menurunkan viscous pressure resistance sehingga performance kapal dapat meningkat lebih baik. Penelitian ini akan menitik beratkan pada aplikasi bentuk tunnel stern hull terhadap kapal yang bertipe Shallow Draft sehingga dapat meningkatkan performa kapal dengan cara menurunkan hambatan kapal dengan bantuan metode numerik melalui CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics), memperbaiki aliran disekitar propeller yang nantinya akan sangat berpengaruh terhadap besarnya efisiensi sistem propulsi. Dari hasil penelitian ini, penggunaan tunnel stern hull dapat meningkatkan kecepatan aliran sebesar 35.7% dan peningkatan efisiensi propeller sebesar 13.6%. ======================================================================================================== Shallow draft vessels have been growing significantly in Indonesia, this condition is in line with the silting of some rivers that becomes the main operational lane of these ships with the result that the dead freight has been progressively increased. The evaluation of the design performance of these ships is necessary to be carried out so that they will become more efficient as well as support the concept of green transport. Hull form design gives a great influence on ship’s peformance, especially the engine power needed to drive the ship at the desired speed. To improve the ships’s performance, the modification of the hull form will have a significant impact, especially on her bow and stern. In terms of her stern, the selection of a tunnel stern hull would help to improve the ship’s performance by reducing the viscous pressure resistance as well as enhancing the water flow towards the propeller. Therefore, this study will continue the previous studies and modify the ship’s stern design with several variations of Stern Tunnel Hull using numerical methods through CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) tools. The ship’s performance analysis then will be carried out by performing ship resistance analysis, simulation of the speed flow around the propeller, and propulsion system efficiency calculation. Based on this study, the using of stern tunnel hull will increase flow velocity 35.7% and the propeller efficiency 13.6%. Keywords: Shallow Draft, Tunnel Stern Hull, Viscous Pressure Resistance, CF