Strategi Penurunan Kebocoran Di Sistem Distribusi Air Bersih Kota Mataram

Kehilangan air dalam jaringan pipa distribusi air bersih merupakan salah satu masalah utama di PDAM. Penelitian ini membahas upaya teknis untuk mengoptimalkan sistem distribusi air minum dan menurunkan tingkat kebocoran teknis sehingga target pelayanan PDAM Menang Kota Mataram dapat tercapai. Data primer diperoleh dari real demand survey dari 166 respondenbaik pelangganmaupun non pelanggan PDAM.Serta site-visit dari lokasi reservoir dan kebocoran bersama tim dari PDAM Menang dan data sekunder diperoleh dari pihak-pihak terkait seperti kantor BPS Mataram, serta Dinas PU Kota Mataram. Hasil analisa menunjukkan bahwa 47,6 % pelanggan PDAM Menang menilai kualitas pelayanan tergolong baik, 48,8% sedang, dan 2,7% sangat baik. Pemakaian Air untuk Kota MatarambulanJuni 2014 adalahsebanyak 913.082,4 m3.Dengan tingkatkehilangan air yang dimilikiadalahsebesar30,6%. Hasil site visit menunjukkan kehilangan air disebabkan oleh perembesan karena sambungan pipa tidak sempurna (11,5%), pipa rusak (9,2%), pipa tertimbun (42,4%), dan pipa mati (36,9%). Untuk memudahkan pemantauan dan penanganan kebocoran 2 zona pelayanan harus dibentuk. Selain itu penanganan real losses dengan pendeteksian kebocoran, pemeliharaan dan rehabilitasi, dan peningkatan responsivitas dalam penanganan pipa bocor. Penanggulangan apparent losses juga diperlukan dengan menurunkan meter error, human error, computer error, pencurian air, dan penurunan tingkat kebocoran pada sistem distribusi.Dari analisa aspek pembiayaan diketahui diperlukanRp. 7,542,034,500untuk mengeksekusi strategi-strategipengurangan kebocoran pada sistem distribusi dimana 23,9% diperoleh dari biaya penyambungan baru dan retribusi bulanan serta 76,1% dari pemerintah. Analisa investasi menyebutkan Internal Rate of Return (IRR) sebesar 20,3% dan Benefit Cost Ratio(BCR)> 1 yang berarti proyek diatas masuk kategori layak. Selain itu, metode Net Present Value(NPV)menunjukkan nilai positif yang berarti akan menguntungkan PDAM. Dalamaspekkelembagaan, kinerja PDAM masihharusditingkatkanlagibaikdalambidangkeuangan, operasionalmaupunadministrasi.Salah satu yang menjadipenyebabadalahkurangnya SDM.Makauntukmeningkatkankinerjadiperlukanpeningkatankeahliandanprofesionalismesertaper ekrutan SDM yang sesuaidengankeahliannya, meningkatkantingkatkebocoranbaikteknismaupun non teknis, sertapendataankembalijaringanpipa PDAM Kota Mataram, mengeksekusi programprogram pengembangan/penyehatan PDAM, meningkatkanpendanaandaripusatmaupundaerahsertamenambahjumlahpelanggandanmeningkatk ancakupanpelayananpendudukkarenamasihadapenduduk yang belumterlayani. =============================================================================== Water losses have been a major problem faced by district water companies in Indonesia. Thisstudy will elaborate on the technical efforts to optimize the clean water distribution system and reducing the leakage to fulfill the residents’ demand on district water company of Menang (PDAM Menang), city of Mataram. Primer data was gathered by real demand survey from 166 respondents and site visit to the detectable leakage location with team from PDAM Menang. While the secondary data was obtained from respectable party such as countyman office, Mataram statistical bureau, and the office of public service department of Mataram city. Analitical data has shown that 47,6% of PDAM Menang subscribers regard the service as good, 48,8% medium, and 2,7% as excellent. Total water usage for Mataram on June 2014 is 913.082,4 m3with 30,6% losses. On the site visit, it was found that water loss was caused by imperfection in pipe joint seam and weld (11,5%), broken pipe (9,2%), buried pipe under ground (42,4%), and plugged off pipe (36,9%). Is service zones were made up to make the monitoring and handly of water losses of the city of Mataram. It was in line with capacity to cater residents as per 2024 projection along with several technical and service assumptions. Other than that real losses must be handled by detection of losses, maintenance and rehabilitation, also reducing response time to fix any reported water leakage. Apparent losses are to be addressed by decreasing the water meter error, human error, computer error, water thievery, and reducing leakage in distribution system.From financial aspect analysis, the calculated that Rp. 7,542,034,500investment is needed to execute the implementation of water loss reducing strategies, whereby 23,9% will be taken from new and monthly subscription costwhile the other 76,1% from the government. Further calculation shown that Internal Rate of Return (IRR) value is 20,3% and Benefit Cost Ratio (BCR)> 1 which means abovementioned project is feasible. Net Present Value (NPV) also shown positive value that renders the project to be profitable. On the institutional aspect, lackness of personnel quality due to education insufficiency, most of the employee are only high school graduates. In order to improve organiziational quality, PDAM must create and make training programs to increase skills and professionalism, a descent recruitment process must also be conducted to reduce technical and non- technical losses, financial aid to conduct such program can be provided by central or provincial governement, last but not leat is to increase the number of subscriber while at the same time increase service area