Kajian Teknis dan Ekonomis Perancangan Reefer Container Berbasis Teknologi Phase Change Material Untuk Aplikasi di Kapal

Kontainer berpendingin (reefer container) merupakan kontainer pelayaran yang digunakan pada intermodal angkutan barang yang didinginkan untuk menunjang kegiatan transportasi pada muatan barang tertentu yang sensitive terhadap perubahan temperature lingkungan. Kandungan bahan refrigerant yang tidak ramah lingkungan menjadi masalah tersendiri dari penggunaan reefer container konvensional. Selain itu kebutuhan daya yang cukup besar juga mengurangi nilai ekonomis dari penggunaan reefer container ini. Saat ini penggunaan teknologi untuk penyimpanan energi thermal aplikasi sistem refrigerasi yang banyak digunakan adalah Phase Change Material (PCM). Dimana PCM mampu menyerap dan melepaskan sejumlah kalor laten berdasarkan perubahan kenaikan maupun penurunan temperature lingkungan sekitarnya. Pada tugas akhir ini, dilakukan analisa perhitungan performance reefer container pada mesin refrigerasi sistem konvensional dan mesin refrigerasi dengan sistem hybrid PCM. Hasil yang diperoleh pada sistem hybrid PCM ini mampu menghemat pemakaian daya kompresor (saving energy) hingga 57,7 kW per hari per kontainer atau setara dengan penghematan 9,65 liter bahan bakar untuk kebutuhan konsumsi diesel generator set di kapal per hari. Dari sisi ekonomi diketahui payback period untuk memodifikasi reefer container dengan sistem hybrid PCM, baru dapat tercapai pada tahun ke 3 sebesar Rp. 34,290.519,96. Sedangkan cummulative cash flow untuk sistem hybrid ini dapat melampaui sistem konvensional pada tahun ke 5 hingga 10. ==================================================================================== Refrigerated container is a shipping container used in intermodal freight transport refrigerated to support the charge on certain goods that are sensitive to changes in environmental temperature (www.gia.org.sg). The properties of refrigerant that are not environmentally friendly be the other problem from the use of conventional reefer container. In addition it needs considerable power also reduces the economic value of the use of reefer container, since when the container is transported into the cargo hold space of ships and ship sail’s, the containers must be in the charging / reefer plugging it in order to maintain the temperature inside the cargo container. Today the use of technology for thermal energy storage applications refrigeration system that is widely used is the Phase Change Material (PCM). Where PCM is able to absorb and release a number of latent heat increase or decrease based on changes in the surrounding environment temperature. The advantages of the PCM technology is able to reduce the energy consumption of a refrigeration system as well as more environmentally friendly so as to save the cost of energy consumption. In this thesis, the performance calculation analysis on the reefer container refrigeration machine of conventional systems and refrigeration machine with a hybrid system PCM. Calculation analysis focused on the comparative performance / COP, technical calculations for the components of the refrigeration system as well as economic and operational cost comparison between conventional engine cooling system and engine cooling with PCM hybrid system. On the results of the analysis and discussion in mind that the design of reefer container with a hybrid system refers to the standard ASHRAE 2005 from a technical perspective that includes the selection of pipe refrigerant, fluid type, insulation material lining the walls of container and supporting installation elements for adding the components PCM on a refrigeration system in reefer container. The results, PCM hybrid system is able to save the compressor power consumption (energy saving) to 57.7 kW per day per container, equivalent to savings of 9.65 liters of fuel for consumption on board diesel generator sets per day. From the economic side note payback period for modifying reefer container with PCM hybrid systems, can only be achieved in the 3rd year of Rp. 34,290.519,96. While cummulative cash flow for this hybrid system can go beyond conventional systems in the year to 5 to 10