BIOREMEDIASI LUMPUR ALUM MENGGUNAKAN Pseudomonas fluorescens DAN Aspergillus niger DENGAN PENAMBAHAN SERBUK GERGAJI SEBAGAI BULKING AGENT

Penggunaan koagulan Al2SO4 dalam pengolahan air minum dan menghasilkan produk samping berupa lumpur alum. Lumpur alum pada unit accelator di IPAM Ngagel 2 Surabaya dibuang secara langsung ke badan sungai tanpa pengolahan lebih lanjut. Dampak yang ditimbulkan dari akumulasi aluminium di badan sungai yakni dapat membahayakan kesehatan manusia dan mengganggu kelangsungan hidup biota sungai. Bioremediasi merupakan salah satu teknologi remediasi yang memanfaatkan mikroorganismen dan dapat digunakan untuk menyisihkan logam aluminium. Mikroorganisme yang dapat menyisihkan logam aluminium adalah Pseudomonas fluorescens dan Aspergillus niger. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menentukan karakteristik awal lumpur alum dari IPAM Ngagel 2 meliputi konsentrasi Al, pH, suhu, densitas, kadar air serta porositas, efisiensi penyisihan aluminium dengan variasi penambahan serbuk gergaji sebagai bulking agent, jenis mikroorganisme (Pseudomonas fluorescens, Aspergillus niger, dan kombinasi keduanya), penambahan mikroorganisme (5 dan 10% (v/v)) serta bioremediasi paling efektif berdasarkan berbagai variasi yang telah disebutkan. Pada penelitian ini variabel yang digunakan adalah komposisi sampel yakni 100% lumpur alum dan 97% lumpur alum dan 3% serbuk gergaji. Variasi jenis mikroorganisme, yakni Pseudomonas fluorescens, Aspergillus niger, dan kombinasi keduanya serta variasi konsentrasi penambahan mikroorganisme yakni 5% (v/v) dan 10 % (v/v). Penelitian ini terdiri dari dua tahapan yaitu tahap pendahuluan terdiri atas pengambilan lumpur alum, uji karakterisasi lumpur alum, uji porositas, re-growth isolat bakteri dan jamur, uji laju pertumbuhan bakteri serta uji parameter yakni pH, suhu, kadar air, konsentrasi aluminium, dan jumlah koloni mikroorganisme. Analisis terhadap parameter uji bioremediasi aluminium dilakukan secara duplo dengan metode AAS. Uji penyisihan aluminium dilakukan selama 5 hari. Karakteristik lumpur alum dari IPAM Ngagel 2 yakni memiliki konsentrasi aluminium 250 mg/L, pH 8,61 dengan suhu 31oC, massa jenis 1240 kg/m3, kadar air 98% serta angka porositasnya 0,0230. Berdasarkan jenis mikroorganisme dengan penambahan 5 dan 10% (v/v) Pseudomonas fluorescens didapatkan efisiensi penyisihan Al pada 100% lumpur alum yakni masing-masing 52,65% dan 21,11% sedangkan pada 97% lumpur alum dan 3% serbuk gergaji yakni masing-masing 8,16% dan 7,32%. Pada penambahan 5 dan 10% (v/v) Aspergillus niger didapatkan efisiensi penyisihan Al pada 100% lumpur alum yakni masing-masing 8,45% dan 9,08% sedangkan pada 97% lumpur alum dan 3% serbuk gergaji yakni masing-masing 8,27% dan 10,11%. Pada penambahan 5 dan 10% (v/v) kombinasi bakteri-jamur didapatkan efisiensi penyisihan Al pada 100% lumpur alum yakni masing-masing 13,46% dan 53,87% sedangkan pada 97% lumpur alum dan 3% serbuk gergaji yakni masing-masing 15,12% dan 21,41%. Didapatkan kesimpulan bahwa bioremediasi yang paling efektif untuk penyisihan aluminium yakni pada penambahan 10% (v/v) kombinasi Pseudomonas fluorescens dan Aspergillus niger dalam 100% lumpur alum sebesar 53,87%. ==================================================================================================== The use of Al2SO4 in the treatment of drinking water and produces by products in the form of alum sludge. Alum sludge on the accelerator unit at IPAM Ngagel 2 Surabaya discharged directly into water bodies without further processing. The impact of the accumulation of aluminum in water bodies: cause impact on harm human health and impact on biota in river. Bioremediation is one of a remediation technology that uses microorganisms and can be used to eliminate the metal content of aluminum. Microorganisms that can remediate metal aluminum are Pseudomonas fluorescens and Aspergillus niger. The purposes of this study were to determine alum sludge characterization of IPAM Ngagel 2, i.e aluminium concentration, pH, temperature, moisture content, density and porosity, the efficiency removal of aluminium with addition of sawdust as a bulking agent, the type of microorganisms (Pseudomonas fluorescens, Aspergillus niger, and a combination of both), the addition of varying concentrations of microorganisms (5 and 10% (v/v) and the highest effective of bioremediation to remove aluminium based on the variations. The variables in this study were the composition of alum sludge and sawdust, i.e 100% and 97% alum sludge and 3% sawdust. Variations in the type of microorganisms (Pseudomonas fluorescens, Aspergillus niger, and a combination of both). The latter variable was the addition of varying concentrations of microorganisms, i.e 5 and 10% (v/v). The study was conducted on two stages, namely the preliminary stage and the main stage. Preliminary stages consist of alum sludge sampling, testing of alum sludge characterization, porosity test, re-growth of bacterial and fungal isolates and test of rate of growth of bacteria. The main stage were testing of bioremediation of aluminum and parameters measurement i.e pH, temperature, water content, concentration of aluminum, and the number of colonies of microorganisms with CFU methods. The analysis of the parameters of the test bioremediation total aluminum was carried out in duplicate with AAS method. Aluminium allowance test was conducted over 5 days. Alum sludge characterization of IPAM Ngagel 2 has aluminum concentration of 250 mg/L, pH of 8.61, the temperature was 31oC, the density was 1240 kg/m3, moisture content was 98% and also the porosity was 0.0230. The results showed that the efficiency removal of aluminium with addition 5 and 10% (v/v) bacteria Pseudomonas fluorescens at 100% alum sludge were 52.65% and 21.11%, at 3% sawdust into 97% alum sludge were 8.16% and 7.32%. The efficiency removal aluminium with addition 5 and 10% (v/v) fungi Aspergillus niger at 100% alum sludge were 8.45% and 9.08%, at 3% sawdust into 97% alum sludge were 8.27% and 10.11%. The removal aluminium result with addition 5 and 10% (v/v) combination of bacteria-fungi at 100% alum sludge were 13.46% and 53.87%,at 3% sawdust into 97% alum sludge were 15.12% and 21.41%. In conclusion, the highest effective of bioremediation to remove aluminium was 53.87% occurred at the combination of Pseudomonas fluorescens and Aspergillus niger in 100% alum sludge with addition of 10% (v/v)