Introduction of autonomous vehicles in traffic flow: theoretical and practical challenges

Autonomous driving is expected to revolutionize road traffic solving current issues, especially accidents and congestion. Carmakers, researchers and administrations have been working on the topic for years and significant progress has been made. However, the doubts and challenges to overcome are still huge, as the implementation of an autonomous driving environment encompasses not only complex automotive technology, but also human behavior, traffic management strategies, policies, etc. For example, carmakers do not expect to launch fully driverless vehicles in the short-term. The unequivocal detection of obstacles at high speeds and long distances is one of the greatest difficulties to face. Regarding management strategies, all approaches share the vision that vehicles should behave cooperatively. General V2V cooperation and platooning are options being discussed, both with multiple variants. Diverse strategies are being designed and validated using simulation from different standpoints. Besides, legal issues have already arisen in the context of highly-automated driving. They cover from the need for special driving licenses to much more intricate topics like responsibility in the event of an accident or privacy matters. All these legal and ethical concerns could hinder the spread of autonomous vehicles once technologically feasible. This paper provides an overview of the current state of the art in key aspects of autonomous driving. Based on the information received in situ from top research centers in the field and on a literature review, authors highlight the most important advances and findings reached so far, discuss different approaches regarding autonomous traffic and propose a framework for future research