A two-scale failure model for heterogeneous materials: numerical implementation based on the finite element method

This is the accepted version of the following article: Toro, S., Sánchez, P.J., Huespe, A.E., Giusti, S.M., Blanco, P.J. and Feijóo, R.A. (2014), A two-scale failure model for heterogeneous materials: numerical implementation based on the finite element method. Int. J. Numer. Meth. Engng., 97: 313–351. doi: 10.1002/nme.4576, which has been published in final form at http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/nme.4576/abstractIn the first part of this contribution, a brief theoretical revision of the mechanical and variational foundations of a Failure-Oriented Multiscale Formulation (FOMF) devised for modeling failure in heterogeneous materials is described. The proposed model considers two well separated physical length scales, namely: (i) the “macro” scale where nucleation and evolution of a cohesive surface is considered as a medium to characterize the degradation phenomenon occurring at the lower length scale, and (ii) the “micro” scale where some mechanical processes that lead to the material failure are taking place, such as strain localization, damage, shear band formation, etc. These processes are modeled using the concept of Representative Volume Element (RVE). On the macro scale, the traction separation response, characterizing the mechanical behavior of the cohesive interface, is a result of the failure processes simulated in the micro scale. The traction separation response is obtained by a particular homogenization technique applied on specific RVE subdomains. Standard, as well as, Non-Standard boundary conditions are consistently derived in order to preserve “objectivity” of the homogenized response with respect to the micro-cell size. In the second part of the paper, and as an original contribution, the detailed numerical implementation of the two-scale model based on the Finite Element Method is presented. Special attention is devoted to the topics which are distinctive of the FOMF, such as: (i) the finite element technologies adopted in each scale along with their corresponding algorithmic expressions, (ii) the generalized treatment given to the kinematical boundary conditions in the RVE and (iii) how these kinematical restrictions affect the capturing of macroscopic material instability modes and the posterior evolution of failure at the RVE level. Finally, a set of numerical simulations is performed.Peer Reviewe