Use of metabolomics and lipidomics to evaluate the hypocholestreolemic effect of Proanthocyanidins from grape seed in a pig model.

Scope:This work aims to evaluate changes in the fecal metabolomic profile due to grapeseed extract (GSE) intake by untargeted and targeted analysis using high resolution massspectrometry in conjunction with multivariate statistics.Methods and results:An intervention study with six crossbred female pigs was performed. Thepigs followed a standard diet for 3 days, then they were fed with a supplemented diet containing1% (w/w) of MegaNaturalR©Gold grape seed extract for 6 days. Fresh pig fecal samples werecollected daily. A combination of untargeted high resolution mass spectrometry, multivariateanalysis (PLS-DA), data-dependent MS/MS scan, and accurate mass database matching wasused to measure the effect of the treatment on fecal composition. The resultant PLS-DAmodels showed a good discrimination among classes with great robustness and predictability.A total of 14 metabolites related to the GSE consumption were identified including biliary acid,dicarboxylic fatty acid, cholesterol metabolites, purine metabolites, and eicosanoid metabolitesamong others. Moreover, targeted metabolomics using GC-MS showed that cholesterol andits metabolites fecal excretion was increased due to the proanthocyanidins from grape seedextract.Conclusion:The results show that oligomeric procyanidins from GSE modifies bile acid andsteroid excretion, which could exert a hypocholesterolemic effect