EKSTRAK DAUN JAMBU BIJI (Psidium Guajava) SEBAGAI LARVASIDA Aedes albopictus

Latar Belakang : Indonesia merupakan wilayah endemis demam berdarah dengue (DBD) dengan sebaran di seluruh wilayah tanah air, termasuk Sulawesi Tengah. Berbagai upaya telah dilakukan untuk mengendalikan penyakit DBD, salah satunya penggunaan larvasida sintetik abate. Larvasida sintetik memiliki efek samping bagi manusia dan lingkungan. Sebagai alternatif dipilih larvasida alami dari ekstrak tanaman. Tanaman yang memiliki potensi sebagai larvasida alami adalah jambu biji (Psidium guajava). Metode : Penelitian ini adalah penelitian eksperimental dengan rancangan post test only control group design. Subjek yang digunakan larva Aedes albopictus instar III. Terdapat 5 kelompok konsentrasi: 0,1%, 0,4%, 0,7%, 1%, 1,3% dan dua kelompok kontrol: kontrol positif (abate 0,01%) dan kontrol negatif (aquadest tanpa perlakuan), tiap kelompok terdiri atas 25 larva dan 3 kali replikasi. Pengamatan dilakukan pada jam ke-1 dan jam ke-24, hasil kemudian dilanjutkan analisis statistik. Hasil : Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak daun jambu biji (Psidium guajava) memiliki efek larvasida pada larva Aedes albopictus. Hasil Friedman test memiliki nilai signifikansi p = 0,007 dan dan hasil post-hoc Mann-Whitney diperoleh nilai p < 0,05 artinya terdapat perbedaan bermakna mortalitas larva antar kelompok perlakuan. Hasil analisis regresi Probit menunjukkan nilai LC50 pada konsentrasi 1,1276%. Kesimpulan : Ekstrak daun jambu biji (Psidium guajava) mempunyai efek larvasida pada Aedes albopictus Kata kunci : Ekstrak daun jambu biji (Psidium guajava), Aedes albopictus, larvasida alami ABSTRACT Background : Indonesia is an endemic area of dengue hemorrhagic fever ( DHF ) with distribution in all regions of the country, including Central Sulawesi. Various effort have been made to control the dengue disease , one of that effort is using synthetic larvacides abate. Synthetic larvicides have side effects for humans and the environment. As an alternative, natural larvicidal selected from plant extracts. Plant that has the potential as natural larvicidal is guava (Psidium guajava). Methods : This research was an experimental study with a post test only control group design. The samples used were larvae of Aedes albopictus instar III. There were 5 groups of concentration: 0,1%, 0,4%, 0,7%, 1%, 1,3% and 2 groups of control: positive control (abate 0,01%) and negative control (aquadest without treatment), each group contains 25 larvae with 3 times replication. Observations were performed at 1 hours and 24 hours, the result continued statistical analysis. Resul :t The result of the research indicate that the extract of guava leaf (Psidium guajava) has the effect of larvacides against larvae of Aedes albopictus. Friedman test result showed a significance value p = 0,007 and post-hoc Mann-Whitney result showed value p < 0,05 that indicated there were differences in the larva mortality between tretment group. The result of Probit test showed LC50 value at concentration of 1,1276%. Conclusion : Guava leaf extract (Psidium guajava) has the effect of larvacides against Aedes albopictus Keywords : Guava leaf extract (Psidium guajava), Aedes albopictus, natural larvicide