Genetic Diversity of Endophytic Microorganisms Isolated from Shallot Bulbs Grown in Southeast Asia Countries

Genetic diversity among 28 isolates of endophytic bacteria and 61 isolates from endophytic fungi were collected from nineteen shallot bulbs grown in Sou ast Asia countries. In order to know whe r or not isolates differ genetically and belong to different genus, a collection of endophytic bacteria and endophytic fungi from shallot bulbs grown in different regions were studied by using PCR. taxonomic status of isolates were investigated morphologically and confirmed by DNA sequencing and phylogenetic tree. In this study also were investigations for ir antimicrobial activity. Phylogenetic identification of amplified 16S rDNA from endophytic bacteria indicated that y belong to diverse genera including Bacillus, Paenibacillus, Brevibacillus, Corynebacterium, and Actinobacterium . On o r hand, phylogenetic identification of endophytic fungi shows majority of m including genus Aspergillus, Fusarium, Penicillium, Pichia, Chaetomium, and Pseudallescheria . high genetic diversity among endophytes isolates suggests that y have considerable evolutionary potential, and it is possible that new forms of endophytes could arise in future. se results show complexity of bacterial and fungal populations present in inner tissues of shallot bulbs and indicate interest and relevance of studies on microbial diversity to improve our knowledge on plant endophytic microorganism`s communities. In an approach to investigate antibacterial activity, a total of 28 endophytic bacteria were screened against human and pytopathogenic bacteria Proteus vulgaris, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumonia, Agrobacterium rhizogenes, Proteus mirabilis, Erwinia carotovora, Serratia marcescens, Citrobacter freundii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bulkholderia glume, Clavibacter mishiganensis subsp . mishiganensis, Ralstonia solanacearum . In agar diffusion method only 9 isolates (32.1%) displayed antibacterial activity against test microorganism phytopathogenic and human pathogenic bacteria. highest inhibition zone against 12 pathogenic bacteria is isolates Bacillus sp. SB 11.2. For antibacterial activity by endophytic fungi showed in total 20 isolates of endophytic fungi, only 16 isolates showed inhibition zone against phytopathogenic and human pathogenic bacteria. Endophytes fungi IF 15.2 as known belonging of genus Penicillium have strongest inhibition zone than o r endophytic fungi. Penicillium sp. IF 15.2 showed highest antibacterial activity against human pathogen and phytopathogenic bacteria such as Citrobacter freundii, Ralstonia solanacearum, Bulkholderia glumae, S. aureus, A. rhizones and Erwinia carotovora . This study revealed that endophytic bacteria and endophytic fungi isolated from shallot bulbs showed antibacterial activity, although with lower diameter of inhibition zones. This study provides evidence that endophytes can be potentially useful to antifungal against phytopathogenic fungi