Code Switching Between Indonesian and Batak Toba Language of Bataknese Students of Universitas Brawijaya

Code switching as the mixing of words, phrases and sentences from two distinct grammatical (sub) systems across sentence boundaries within the same speech event. Code switching is then one phenomenon that results from bilingualism and multilingualism. Accordingly, this study focuses on the code switching between Indonesian and Batak Toba language of Bataknese students of UniversitasBrawijaya through the use of Poplack’s (1981) theory about the types of code switching and Hoffman’s (1991) theory about the reason of code switching occurrence and this study answered two research problems: (1) What types of code switching are used by Toba Bataknese students of Universitas Brawijaya in daily conversation and (2) What are the reasons of the Toba Bataknese students switch their code in daily conversation. This study used the theory of Poplack (1981) to analyse the type of code switching and Hoffman (1991,p.116) to analyse the reason of code switching occurrence in the 20 participants of Bataknese students of Universitas Brawijaya who switch the code between Indonesian and Batak Toba language for two weeks in eight occasions. It was found for the type of code switching that the highest frequency in the data was intersentential switching about 82,5% off all the data. As for the reason, this study confirmed Hoffman’s theory that there were eight out ten reasons why the participants switched between Indonesian and Batak Toba Language for the highest rank among the reasons of code switching was to soften or strengthen request or command (55,31%). For further research, it is also good to investigate the types, reasons and effects of code switching in other theories and other situation, not only in formal situation but also in informal situation. Also, the next researcher can combine the phenomenon of code switching with other field of study. In addition, the next researcher can analyse the variety of language being switched then explore some other phenomena of code switching in any speech community such as presupposition and address terms in order to reveal some other types of code switching