Is the future development of wind energy compromised by the availability of raw materials?

The installation of new electrical power plants from renewable sources is key in the transition towards a low-carbon economy. An important amount of diverse raw materials is required for this development. Due to its current prominence among renewable energy sources, we assess the expected development of wind energy towards the availability of the required raw materials up to 2050. Wind power is found to be in a favourable position, over solar thermal and photovoltaic power. Among the two main wind turbine technologies, the installation of direct drive turbines with permanent magnets faces a more challenging future. Recycling is an important strategy to simultaneously reduce risks and costs