Crowdsensing and Vehicle-Based Sensing

Improvements in terms of smart device capabilities and of communication technologies allowed crowdsensing solutions to emerge as a powerful strategy to revolutionize environment sensing, becoming one of the key elements of future smart cities. In particular, smartphones, smartwatches, and other personal gadgets are now endowed not only with significant computing power and different wireless interfaces, but also with an increasing number of sensors able to provide useful information about the user environment, especially when the user is moving around a city. If vehicular mobility is adopted, the sensing capabilities can be further increased by connecting smart devices to vehicles using the On Board Diagnostic Interface (OBD-II) or provided directly by smart vehicles through vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) or vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) communications. In the future, with the gradual introduction of autonomous vehicles and unmanned aerial vehicles, many more sensing alternatives are expected...