New perspectives in the search for reliable biomarkers in alzheimer disease

Background and Objectives: The search for accurate biomarkers in Alzheimer Disease (AD), on of the most devastating neurodegenerative diseases, remains essential to enable an early prognosis and diagnosis of the disease and to provide more efficient ther- apeutic strategies. A wide variety of potential biomarkers are has been identified by neuroimaging tech- niques and by the analysis of fluid samples, such as cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) or blood. Recently, a growing number of studies are focused on the discovery of reliable blood- based biomarkers in blood, especially in the prodromal stage of AD, which can predict the conversion of asymptomatic cases to AD demented cases. In this review, the latest challenges in the search for accurate biomarkers of AD is re- vised, in particular, an update in blood-based biomarkers is described in depth. Conclusions: Finally, the close link among AD and other neurodegenerative diseases is discussed, mainly based on the last discovered mutation, the chromosome 9 open reading frame 72, C9ORF72