Solcellssystem som energikälla för nya småhus

This bachelor´s thesis concerns the solar energy systems in new small houses. First various terms of low energy buildings are explained followed by technologies that reduce energy demands are explained and the ways it is possible to recover heat energy. Thereafter a discussion in how solar energy can be exploited is raised, which solar technologies are available and how it is possible to use solar cells in buildings and their eventual environmental impact. Finally we also size the photovoltaic system for the reference object both as a grid and standalone system, and an economic evaluation is followed out. It is important that the object to be fitted with a solar PV system uses as little energy as possible in order to produce the amount of electricity consumed by real estate and household since the solar technology involves high investments. Other factors affecting the size of the plant are the object's location relative to the south direction, the space available on the roof and the angle of inclination of PV modules. Even the aesthetic impact should be considered. PV modules are usually placed on the roof but other places such as balconies, facades and the similar can be used. To achieve a low energy demand different concepts of low-energy buildings are appropriate with the various methods of energy recovery from air and wastewater. It is not possible to supply a family house in Sweden with electricity for the whole house's electricity needs, which are produced locally in a solar PV system if the house is electrically heated. However, it works if the building is heated with a different way i.e. if the electricity from the solar plant is used only for real estate and household electricity. If the investment in a PV system should be economically viable, a state aid of 60% of the investment cost should be included in the calculation, assuming that the electricity is bought and sold for the same price which is not the case