Question formulation: The construction process today is slow, costly and generates large amounts of waste and emissions. In order to meet housing needs of the rapidly growing population in a sustainable way, the technology must evolve; it must be faster and more cost-effective. New technology, where concrete is manufactured by automated and computer-controlled 3D-printing, can possibly streamline the entire concrete building process. 3D-printing with concrete is a layer on layer based manufacturing process that follows a pre-programmed pattern. The concrete is extruded (ejected) from a nozzle mounted on a robot. The concrete is pressed, screwed or pumped out of the nozzle, and it must be self-supporting in order to build layer by layer. The...