Natural and environmental crisis in the Golden Horde (XIV-XV centuries): inevitability or programmed proces

Об истории экологического кризиса ордынских ханств в XIV-XV вв.The report examines natural and environmental factors in the history of the Golden Horde. Author emphasized the major changes have taken place in the ecology of the Lower Volga Region in the period of XIV-XV centuries. The climatic conditions of the region: uneven rainfalls , the existence of various ecological zones, fragile natural homeostasis of steppes should be taken into account. All these factors are offset by large recreational opportunities of the steppe biome. Therefore, formation of Ulus Jochi could happen only in the period of a favorable climate and low levels of the Caspian Sea