Climatic factor in the history of the Tyumen and Siberian khanate

В сборнике рассматриваются новые возможности археологического и этнографического знания о сибирско-татарском мире в реконструкции памятников историко-культурного наследия сибирских татар Тюменского региона, оценивается потенциал мультидисциплинарных подходов в решении этих проблем. Адресуется ученым, практикам, представителям общественности и власти.The article discusses the role of a climatic factor in the history of the Tyumen and Siberian khanate in the XV-XVI centuries. However, their formation and development coincided with the climate cooling in the Northern hemisphere. During the minor ice age there were significant changes in many aspects of the local societies life. In these conditions, in addition to possible ways of restructuring the system of life support, there were two possible solutions: care to the South, in a warmer zone, or, on the contrary, to the taiga area which has more resources. These factors explain why Tyumen and the Siberian aristocracy in the Aral and Syrdarya region could continue their traditional nomadic way of life. At the same time, the reason of formation of numerous towns in the North of the Siberian khanate (the second half of the XVI century) and transition of a number of the Turkic and Tatar populations to the sedentary life style becomes clear. It appears that this approach may be quite promising in explaining of the history of the local statehood and processes of its occurrence in Muscovy under the support of archaeological information and chemical analyses