Deciphering the genome structure and paleohistory of _Theobroma cacao_
- Xavier Argout
- Jerome Salse
- Jean Marc Aury
- Gaetan Droc
- Jerome Gouzy
- Mathilde Allegre
- Cristian Chaparro
- Thierry Legavre
- Mark Guiltinan
- Siela Maximova
- Michael Abrouk
- Florent Murat
- Olivier Fouet
- Julie Poulain
- Manuel Ruiz
- Yolande Roguet
- Maguy Rodier-Goud
- Jose Fernandes Barbosa-Neto
- Francois Sabot
- Dave Kudrna
- Jetty Siva S. Ammiraju
- Stephan C. Schuster
- John E. Carlson
- Erika Sallet
- Schiex T.
- Anne Dievart
- Melissa Kramer
- Laura Gelley
- Zi Sh
- Auré
- Christopher Viot
- Michel Boccara
- Ange Marie Risterucci
- Valentin Guignon
- Xavier Sabau
- Michael Axtell
- Zhaorong Ma
- Yufan Zhang
- Spencer Brown
- Mickael Bourge
- Wolfgang Golser
- Xiang Song
- Didier Clement
- Ronan Rivalan
- Mathias Tahi
- Joseph Moroh Akaza
- Bertrand Pitollat
- Karina Gramacho
- Angé
- Dominique Brunel
- Diogenes Infante
- Ismael Kebe
- Pierre Costet
- Rod Wing
- W. Richard McCombie
- Emmanuel Guiderdoni
- Francis Quetier
- Olivier Panaud
- Patrick Wincker
- Stephanie Sidibe-Bocs
- Claire Lanaud
DOIAbstract
We sequenced and assembled the genome of _Theobroma cacao_, an economically important tropical fruit tree crop that is the source of chocolate. The assembly corresponds to 76% of the estimated genome size and contains almost all previously described genes, with 82% of them anchored on the 10 _T. cacao_ chromosomes. Analysis of this sequence information highlighted specific expansion of some gene families during evolution, for example flavonoid-related genes. It also provides a major source of candidate genes for _T. cacao_ disease resistance and quality improvement. Based on the inferred paleohistory of the T. cacao genome, we propose an evolutionary scenario whereby the ten _T. cacao_ chromosomes were shaped from an ancestor through eleven...
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