DEVELOPMENT OF STATE AND LAW OF BABEL

Ime Babilon potječe od hebrejske riječi Bābel, grčki Babylon, akadski Bab-ili: što bi značilo vrata bogova. U gradu Babilonu oko 2150. počinje uspon dinastije amorićanske krvi. Babilon se uzdiže kao samostalna država na prostoru Akada, a najveću moć dostiže za vrijeme Hamurabija. Pod vlašću Hamurabija samoproglašenim „kraljem Amorita“, grad Babilon je postao središtem zakonodavstva. Imao je zakonik, prvi poznati u povijesti, urezan u granitnu stelu (stup). Obvezno pravo kao jedna od grana prava sastojala se od ugovora koji su bili zatvoreni u glinenu ovojnicu na kojoj je sažeto ispisan sadržaj ugovora. U obvezno-pravne ugovore nalazimo: kupoprodaja, zakup, najam, osobni najam, zajam, ostava, nalog te ugovor o društvu (ortakluk). Stvarno pravo, kao dio Hamurabijeva zakona, sadrži najvažnije odredbe o vlasništvu, a to su zajedničko i privatno vlasništvo. Ostale grane prava su obiteljsko i bračno, nasljedno, kazneno te sudski postupak.The name Babylon is derived from the Hebrew word Bābel, the Greek Babylon, the Akkadian Bab-ili: which would mean the door of the gods. In the city of Babylon around 2150 B.C. the rise of the Amoric blood dynasty begins. Babylon rises as an independent state on the territory of Akkad, and reaches its greatest power during Hamurabi. Under the rule of Hamurabi, the self-proclaimed "King of the Amorites," the city of Babylon became the center of legislation. It had a codex, the first known in history, carved into a granite stele. Obligatory law as one of the branches of law consisted of contracts which were enclosed in a clay envelope with the contents of the contract summarized. The mandatory legal contracts include: sale, lease, lease, personal lease, loan, pantry, warrant and company agreement (partnership). Property law, as part of Hamurabi's law, contains the most important property provisions, namely joint and private property. Other branches of law are family and marital, hereditary, criminal and legal proceedings