Biological Age as a Factor of Influence on Explosive Capacities of Young Football Players : Master's Thesis

Cilj ovog rada bio je prikazati razvoj djeteta, tj. sportaša te ukazati na problematiku i razloge neusklađenog razvoja mladih sportaša (nogometaša) iste kronološke dobi. Osim toga u radu se objašnjava što je biološka dob i prezentiraju se svi načini kojim se može ispitati biološka dob i onaj najjednostavniji način koji se koristi u radu (Moore 2). Pored toga osnovni cilj je ovog rada bio je utvrditi utjecaj biološke dobi na brzinsko-eksplozivne sposobnosti mladih nogometaša. Ovo istraživanje je provedeno na 41 mladom nogometašu. Ispitanici su bili članovi tri nogometna kluba. Bili su starosne dobi između 14 i 15 godina. Za ovo istraživanje ispitanicima je izmjerena tjelesna visina i masa te još 9 varijabli motorike. Motoričke varijable su testirale brzinu, eksplozivnu snagu i agilnost. Osim navedenih morfoloških i motoričkih testova ispitanicima je izračunata i biološka dob koja je prikazana kroz 2 varijable. Motoričke varijable koje su se mjerile su: skok u vis s mjesta, reaktivna snaga (drop jump), elastična eksplozivnost, test agilnosti 10 yardi i 20 yardi, šprint 10 i 20m, nereaktivnu agilnost (CODS) te reaktivnu agilnost testom (RAG). Za utvrđivanje postavljenih ciljeva i ispitivanje hipoteza ovog rada utvrdili su se deskriptivni i distribucijski statistički parametri za sve varijable. Normalitet distribucije utvrđen je Kolmogorov-Smirnovljevim testom. Povezanost između testova brzine, eksplozivnosti i agilnosti varijablama biološke dobi utvrđena je korelacijskom analizom. Rezultati su prikazani tablično i u obliku grafova a sva je obrada podataka izračunata korištenjem programskog paketa Statistica 13.2. Dobiveni rezultati nam potvrđuju da biološki razvijeniji sportaši imaju bolje rezultate u brzinsko-eksplozivnim sposobnostima i to u svim varijablama osim u varijabli (RSI 15) drop jump. Zaključak je da su biološki razvijeniji mladi sportaši brži, snažniji i agilniji zbog promjene u antropometrijskim karakteristikama i novonastalim fiziološkim procesima u organizmu tj. drukčije hormonske pozadine. Osim toga, pregledavajući rezultate možemo zaključiti da biološka dob ima veći utjecaj na bazične nego na specifične testove.The aim of this paper was to present the development of a child, i.e. athlete, and to point out the problems and reasons for the inconsistent development of young athletes (football players) of the same chronological age. In addition, the paper explains what the biological age is and presents all the ways that the biological age can be tested and the simplest way used in the work (Moore 2). Besides that, the main aim of this paper was to determine the influence of biological age on the speed and explosive capabilities of young football players. This research was conducted on 41 young football players. Participants were members of three football clubs. The participants were between the ages of 14 and 15. For this study, participants were measured for their body height and weight and 9 other motoric variables. Motoric variables tested speed, explosive power and agility. In addition to the above morphological and motor tests, the participants' biological age was calculated, which was presented through 2 variables. Motoric variables that were measured were: standing height jump, reactive power (drop jump), elastic explosiveness, 10 yards and 20 yards agility test, sprint 10m and 20m, non-reactive agility (CODS) and reactive agility test (RAG). In order to determine set goals and test the hypotheses of this paper. Descriptive and distribution statistical parameters were determined for all variables. Distribution normality was determined by the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. The correlation between speed, explosiveness and agility tests with biological age variables was determined by correlation analysis. The results are presented in tables and graphs and all data processing was calculated using Statistica 13.2 software package. The results obtained confirm that biologically more developed athletes have better performance in speed-explosiveness and in all variables except the variable (RSI 15) drop jump. The conclusion is that biologically more developed young athletes are faster, more powerful and more agile due to changes in anthropometric characteristics and newly formed physiological processes in the body, i.e. a different hormonal background. Besides that, reviewing the results we can conclude that biological age has a greater impact on basic than on specific tests