The death penalty in international law with a special review of the issue of death penalty in Turkey

Predmet ovoga rada je proučavanje problema smrtne kazne u međunarodnom pravu promatrajući razvoj kazne na međunarodnopravnoj razini i pokreta usmjerenoga na njeno ukidanje. Pružen je pregled temeljnih ljudskih prava koja dolaze u vezu s uporabom smrtne kazne, ograničenja njene primjene i prava osoba kojima prijeti izricanje i izvršenje navedene kazne. Razvojem međunarodnog prava su na globalnoj i regionalnoj razini doneseni dokumenti usmjereni na ograničenje uporabe i ukidanje smrtne kazne u cijelome svijetu pa je pružen detaljniji pregled dokumenata usmjerenih ispunjenju navedenoga cilja. U radu se također donosi povijesni pregled razvoja smrtne kazne u Republici Turskoj, od samih početaka njenoga korištenja do ukidanja. Ukidanje smrtne kazne u Turskoj je proces koji je proveden pod velikim međunarodnim pritiskom, a razlozi zbog kojih je do ukidanja došlo je članstvo Turske u Vijeću Europe, pristupanje Europskoj konvenciji za zaštitu ljudskih prava i temeljnih sloboda kao i nastojanje da postane dio Europske unije u budućnosti. Usprkos ukidanju smrtne kazne, razvoj događaja u Turskoj tursko je stanovništvo i političare natjerao na razmatranje ponovnog uvođenja smrtne kazne. Konstantni teroristički napadi u kojima živote gube nevini civili, kao i sve veći broj silovanja i ubojstava djece i žena veliki su poticaj za taj korak. Ponovno uvođenje smrtne kazne za Tursku, u trenutnoj poziciji u Europi, predstavlja izuzetno opasan korak.The subject of this paper is the study of the problem of the death penalty in international law by observing the development of the penalty at the international level and the movement aimed at its abolition. An overview of fundamental human rights related to the use of the death penalty, the restrictions of its application, and the rights of those facing the said sentence is provided. With development of the international law, on global and regional level have been issued documents aiming to the limitation of the use of the death penalty and its abolition so a more detailed review of the documents aiming at the fulfillment of the stated purpose has been provided. The paper also provides a historical review of the death penalty in the Republic of Turkey, from the very beginning of its use to its abolition. The abolition of the death penalty in Turkey is a process that has been carried out under great international pressure, and the reasons for the abolition were membership in the Council of Europe, accession to the European convention on human rights and fundamental freedoms as well as Republic of Turkey's aspiration to become a part of the European Union in the future. Despite the abolition of the death penalty, the development of events in Turkey led Turkish people and politicians to consider the reintroduction of the death penalty. Constant terrorist attacks in which many innocent civilians lost their lives, as well as the growing number of rapes and murders of children and women are a great encouragement for this step. Reintroduction of the death penalty for Turkey, in its current position in Europe, is an extremely dangerous step