Crtačke tehnike u predškolskoj dobi

Svako dijete ima potrebu izraziti svoje osjećaje i svoj unutarnji svijet, a najznačajniji način za to je crtanje. Pomoću crteža možemo uvidjeti njegove doživljaje svijeta koji ga okružuje, što nam uvelike može pomoći u razumijevanju samog razvoja djeteta. Ono najviše uživa manipulirajući i igrajući se različitim likovnim sredstvima i materijalima. Ovaj rad prikazuje i proučava crtačke tehnike kao sredstvo likovnog izražavanje djece predškolske dobi. U prvom dijelu rada opisuju se značajke i dijelovi crteža, vrste crtačkih tehnika i njihove karakteristike, dok u drugom dijelu nalazimo provedene aktivnosti pojedinih crtačkih tehnika u predškolskoj dobi. Tehnike su provedene u ožujku 2019. godine u dvije odgojne skupine dječjeg vrtića „Didi“. Odgojne skupine bile su: starija odgojna skupina, imena „Malci“, koji su u dobi od 4.5 do 6.5 godina i srednja odgojna skupina, imena „Zečići“ te su u dobi od 3 do 4.5 godina. Tehnike koje su provedene u starijoj odgojnoj skupini su bile: olovka, kreda, kemijska olovka, tuš-drvce i flomaster, dok su u mlađoj: olovka, flomaster, ugljen i lavirani tuš na suhoj podlozi. Cilj ovog rada bio je upoznavanje djece s različitim materijalima crtanja i njihovo likovno izražavanje. Veliku ulogu ima odgajatelj koji im mora osigurati potrebne materijale, poticaje i sredstva za rad, ali i poticati ih u njihovoj kreativnoj i istraživačkoj igri. Djeca tijekom likovnog rada trebaju biti slobodna, opuštena i sretna, jer ipak je najbitnija njihova sreća i zadovoljstvo. Važna stavka je prihvatiti svačiji likovni izričaj na jednak način, bez kritiziranja ili usporedbe, jer svako dijete je posebno na svoj način.Every child has a need to express their feelings and their inner world, and the most significant way to do that is drawing. With the help of drawings, we can see the child's experiences of the surrounding world, which can greatly help us to understand the child's development. It enjoys the most in manipulating and playing with different visual arts and different kinds of materials. This paper presents and analyzes drawing techniques as a mean of visual expression of the children at pre-school age. The first part of the paper describes features and parts of drawing, types of drawing techniques and their characteristics. Whereas, in the second part we find the activities of certain drawing techniques in pre-school age. Techniques were conducted in May 2019. in two kindergarten groups in "Didi" kindergarten. Educational groups were the older kindergarten group called "Malci" at the age of 4.5 to 6.5 years old, and a secondary educational group called "Zečići" at the age of 3 to 4.5 years. The techniques used in the older group were pencil, chalk, wooden pencil, ink and color pencil, while in the younger group: pencil, color pencil, charcoal and ink on a dry surface. The goal of this paper was to introduce the children with different kinds of drawing materials and their artistic expression. The educator has a great role to provide them with the necessary materials, incentives and resources to work, and to encourage them in their creative and research game. During the artwork the children should be free, relaxed and happy, because their happiness and pleasure are the most important things. An important item is to accept everybody's art expression in the same way, without criticizing or comparing to the other, because each child is special in his or her own way