The effect of diet and food supplementation on acne

Acne vulgaris, jedna od najčešćih kožnih bolesti i 8. najčešća bolest na svijetu, karakterizirana je upalom pilosebacealne jedinice. Pilosebacealna jedinica uključuje folikul dlake zajedno s pripadajućom žlijezdom lojnicom. Žlijezda lojnica funkcionira kao neuroendokrini organ zbog mnogih receptora na koje mogu djelovati aktivni sastojci iz hrane. O utjecaju prehrane na akna raspravlja se već gotovo stotinu godina, no unatoč tome, i dalje ne postoje konačni odgovori na neka od postavljenih pitanja. Liječnici su još 40ih i 50ih godina 20.st. uz terapiju akna preporučali izbjegavanje hrane poput čokolade, masnoća, slatkiša i gaziranih zaslađenih pića, no nakon dva klinička istraživanja krajem 60ih godina, medicinska zajednica počela je smatrati da akne i prehrana nisu povezani. 21.stoljeće donijelo je novo preispitivanje ovih povezanosti, što je rezultiralo brojnim istraživanjima. Cilj ovog preglednog rada bio je ispitati utjecaj prehrane i dodataka prehrani na akne. Analizom trenutno dostupne literature utvrđeno je da akne kod muškaraca poboljšavaju dijete niskog glikemijskog opterećenja (LGL), kao i dijete niskog glikemijskog opterećenja s visokim udjelom proteina (LGL HP), a pogoršavaju čokolada i proteini sirutke koji uzrokuju i indukciju „de novo“. Akne kod žena poboljšavaju epigalokatehin-3-galat iz zelenog čaja i selen, a pogoršavaju proteini sirutke, te B12 koji može uzrokovati indukciju akneiformnih lezija. U oba spola na poboljšanje djeluju: kombinacija probiotika, vitamin B3, vitamin D, vitamin E u kombinaciji s latoferinom i cinkom, cink, omega-3 i γ-linolenska masne kiseline; a na pogoršanje konzumacija mlijeka i mliječnih proizvoda.Acne vulgaris is one of the most common chronic skin diseases and the 8th most common disease worldwide. It is characterized by the inflammation of pilosebaceous unit. Pilosebaceous unit refers to a hair follicle together with its sebaceous gland. Sebaceous gland acts as a neuroendocrine organ due to its numerous receptors that can be activated through the active ingredients found in food. Although the effect of diet on acne is thoroughly studied for almost 100 years, there are still some questions left unanswered. Medical doctors advised against eating certain types of food, such as chocolate, fatty foods, sweets and sweet carbonated beverages to prevent acne during 1940s and 1950s. After two clinical trials at the end of 1960s the opinion of medical community regarding diet and acne had been reevaluated and from then on, the idea connecting the diet and acne was abandoned. With the coming of 21st century, the connection between the two came in question again. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of diet and food supplementation on acne. Based on newest literature, acne in men are ameliorated with low glycemic load diet (LGL), as well as low glycemic load high protein diet (LGL HP) but are aggravated with chocolate and whey proteins, which can also induce acne de novo. In women, acne are improved with epigallocatechin-3-gallate and selenium but are made worse with whey proteins and B12 supplements. In both, men and women, acne are improved with the combination of probiotics, vitamin B3, vitamin D, combination of vitamin E with lactoferrin and zinc, zinc, omega-3 i γ-linoleic fatty acids but are made worse with consuming milk and/or other dairy products