Legal aspect of fraud and abuse in insurance

U radu se daje detaljan prikaz uređenja pravnog aspekta prijevara i zlouporaba osiguranja. Na početku rada polazi se od povijesti prijevara osiguranja koja nam ukazuje na pojavu prijevara osiguranja istovremeno s pojavom instituta osiguranja. Definirani su važniji pojmovi i podjele samoga osiguranja, te prijevare u osiguranju. Prijevare u osiguranju definiraju se kao svaka nesavjesna aktivnost usmjerena na neosnovano izvlačenje koristi iz djelatnosti osiguranja. Kazneno djelo zlouporabe osiguranja predstavlja inkriminaciju čiji je glavni smisao sprječavanje naplaćivanja fingirane ili fiktivne štete. U radu je razrađen odnos prijevare osiguranja i zlouporabe osiguranja kao dva samostalna kaznena djela. Zlouporabom osiguranja kažnjavaju se pripremne radnje prijevara u poslovima osiguranja, odnosno kriminalna zona je pomaknuta ranije nego što je to u slučaju pokušaja prijevare osiguranja. Kroz rad analizirane su vrste, motivi i posljedice prijevara i zlouporaba osiguranja. Za suzbijanje ovih kaznenih djela važno je prepoznati prijevaru pravodobno i sankcionirati visokim kaznama odnosno oduzimanjem imovinske koristi.This paper gives a detailed view of arrangement of legal aspect of fraud and insurance abuse. The paper starts with the history of fraud insurance which shows that insurance fraud appears at the same time as the institute of insurance. Main terms of insurance are defined in this paper as well as its division and fraud. Insurance fraud is defined as every unconscientious activity aimed at unfounded extracting benefits from insurance. Insurance abuse as a criminal offence represents incrimination whose main purpose is to prevent charging feigned or fictive damage. The paper elaborates on the relationship between insurance fraud and insurance abuse as two independent criminal offences. Preparatory actions of fraud activities in insurance are penalized by insurance abuse and the responsibility is moved to a stage before entering a criminal zone by trying to commit a criminal offence of fraud. Various types, motives and consequences of insurance fraud and abuse are analysed. In order to suppress these criminal offences it is important to recognize fraud on time and to sanction it with high punishments and confiscation of property gain